CSU Speciality Crops Field Day Aug 17th

2009

CSU – Specialty Crops program

Rocky Mountain Small Organic Farm Project

Field Day

August 17, 2009

1:00 – 4:00 pm

Topics: Small scale organic vegetable production systems for Colorado producers.

High tunnels:

• Tomato, pepper, cucumber cultivar trials.
• Winter greens production.
• Hay bale culture of strawberries.
• Challenges of growing blueberries in Colorado.

Field production:

• Cultivar demonstrations and evaluations. This year many of the cultivars being evaluated are from Colorado seed producers. Including melons, tomatoes, peppers, and a wide variety of cole crops and root crops.
• Hops cultivar evaluations.
• Comparisons of flame, solarization, and conventional tillage for control of field bind weed and Canada thistle.
• Comparison of paper, bio-degradable plastic, and plastic mulch.
• Drip tape – to re-use or replace?
• Preliminary results of rolling rye/hairy vetch cover crop for no till production.
• Annual forage crops in rotation with vegetables.
• The CSU CSA

Speakers: Dr. Frank Stonaker, program director.

Dr. Amanda Broz, perennial weed management trials.

Ali Hamm, Organic hops research update

Dan Goldhamer, Annual forage crops in rotation with vegetables update

Horton Nash, Jeff Arnold, Julie Zavage, Sarah Figgins, Steve Cochenour (student interns)

Location: Horticulture Field Research Center, Ft. Collins

Directions: Exit to east at the I-25 at the Mountain Vista exit (#271), proceed east across frontage road and enter the 2^nd driveway on the north side.

The address is 4300 E. County Rd. 51, Ft. Collins.

Sponsors: Colorado Department of Agriculture, Aurora Organic Dairy, , Sunshine Paper Co.

Registration: On site registration will be held immediately before the program. This is a free event.

Please indicate if you plan to attend the event by e-mail or telephone by August 10.

E-mail response to Frank.Stonaker@colostate.edu

Telephone response to 970-491-7068.

New book available-Diseases of Herbaceous Perennials

There is a new book available through APS Press titled 'Diseases of Herbaceous Perennials'. The authors are all plant pathologists and include Mark Gleason (Iowa State University), Margery Daughtrey (Cornell University), Ann Chase (Chase Horticultural Research), Gary Moorman (Penn State University) and Darren Mueller (Iowa State University).
The book is full of over 700 color photos and would be a wonderful reference text for growers of perennials (as well as garden centers, horticulturists and Master Gardeners).
You are welcome to stop by the Adams County Extension office and do some browsing before deciding to buy. We also have an extensive resource library for diagnosing plant diseases and insect problems that are available for growers to utilize. Please call ahead to make sure that we're in the office!

Contact info is on the sidebar------>

May 2009 Samples Received in Diagnostic Lab

Host -> Problem Diagnosis

Pepper transplants -> Fusarium wilt
Pepper transplants ->Pythium root rot
Pepper transplants (organic) ->Rhizoctonia root rot
Smooth Sumac ->Fusarium Root Rot (suspected)
Sweet Woodruff ->Downy Mildew
Tomatillo transplants->Bacterial Leaf Spot (Xanthomonas sp suspected)
Tomato -> Nutrient imbalance (suspected)
Tomato transplants -> phytotoxicity (suspected)
Various perennials -> Iron deficiency symptoms due to water issues

Information on new rainwater collection law in CO

There is a new law coming into effect on July 1, 2009 which regulates the use of rain barrels to collect precipitation running off roofs. There has been some confusion as how exactly the water can be used. The Colorado Division of Water Resources has put together a pdf document outlining the new rules.
In short: Here are the criteria, all of which must be met, for using rainwater:
1. The property on which the collection takes place is residential property, and
2. The landowner uses a well, or is legally entitled to a well, for the water supply, and
3. The well is permitted for domestic uses according to Section 37-92-602, C.R.S., (generally, this means the permit number will be five or six digits with no “-F” suffix at the end), and
4. There is no water supply available in the area from a municipality or water district, and
5. The rainwater is collected only from the roof, and
6. The water is used only for those uses that are allowed by, and identified on, the well permit.
Check the full pdf for all the details!

Basically, if your well isn't permitted for use in watering a greenhouse or hoophouse-you can't use the collected rainwater for this purpose. And you will need to submit an application for rainwater collection! If you use municipal water, then you're out of luck too, as this only applies to residential properties serviced exclusively by a well. Please contact the Colorado Division of Water Resources for all the nitty-gritty details!

April 2009 samples from Adams Cty Plant Diagnostic Lab

I'm going to start posting this list once a month. No pictures, just text so you know at a glance what problems we're seeing in the industry:

Host->Problem diagnosis
Bigflower Coreopsis -> Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV)
Butterfly bush -> Environmental stress (undetermined-possible high salt level)
Calibracoa (Million Bells) ->Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
Gerber Daisy->Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
Osteospermum->Environmental stress (undetermined)
Pepper transplants -> Pythium root rot
Pepper transplants ->Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
Petunia->Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
Tomato transplants -> Environmental stress (High soil pH and salts)
Tomato transplants ->Environmental stress (undetermined-possible phytotoxicity)

Downy Mildew on Sweet Woodruff (Galium odoratum)

Downy mildew (caused by a species of the oomycete, Peronospora) on the herb/groundcover Sweet Woodruff (Galium odoratum) was found on a recent sample. At first glance the symptoms suggested iron deficiency (based on yellow foliage and other indications by the grower). However, a closer look shows leaf dieback and gray lesions which indicate a pathogen may be involved. Flipping the leaves over (see photos below) reveals the characteristic fuzzy growth of downy mildew.

Downy mildew loves cool, wet conditions! Management should involve reducing leaf wetness (which is required for the spores to germinate). There has been no research done on fungicide control on Galium spp., so proceed with caution if choosing to use a fungicide. Test in small areas to ensure that phytotoxicity isn't going to be an issue. The Chase Research Gardens, Inc. out of California have done quite a bit of work on downy mildew fungicide control in ornamentals and some results can be found here.

Slug control in hoophouses

Photo credit: hortipm.tamu.edu

Slugs are mollusks that are closely related to snails, but without the shell. The common garden slug is 1/2 to 1 inch long depending on the age of the slug and brown or gray in color. Slugs can thrive in the hoophouse environment-their food source is close to the ground, there are many places to hide and take a good nap, and the humidity is just right. Unfortunately, slugs can cause serious problems in vegetable, fruit and ornamental plants by feeding on fruit and leaves.

There are many tips and tricks floating out in cyberspace, many of which are interesting but wouldn't hold up in a commercial setting. Beer traps for example, may work great in a home garden but not when you have many hoophouses to protect and limited hours in the day.

In a nutshell, slug control revolves around three concepts: 1) Modifying the environment to make it less slug-friendly, 2) setting up barriers to physically keep slugs away from your crops and 3) baits which attract the slugs but also give them a poison dose.

In terms of modifying the hoophouse environment: Look at removing places where slugs can shleter during the daylight hours such as crevices and under boards or other equipment. Reducing the humidity may make the environment less appealing: If it's warm enough outside, run the fan to replace the humid air with drier air, fix leaky hoses, consider switching to drip irrigation instead of overhead or handwatering.

Physical barriers can help prevent slugs from coming in contact with crop plants. Diatomaceous earth sprinkled around the plants 1 inch high and 3 inches wide can help-until it gets wet! This might work on a small-scale but not in a larger setting. The same thing goes for sprinkling lime or salt. (And we already have enough salinity in our Colorado soils!) One option that shows promise is copper strips or flashing. This can be expensive if you have large areas to protect, but flashing can be bought in bulk rolls which will bring the cost down a little. Copper flashing (about 10 inches wide) can be circled around the susceptible plants and buried 3-4 inches. If you have benches in your hoophouse you can wrap the copper around the base of the bench or the legs. The flashing needs to form a complete enclosure to be an effective barrier. While the exact mechanism isn't known, it is thought that the slime produced by the slug interacts with the copper and produces an electrical charge which repels the slug from the area. There are various copper strips and tapes on the market. This won't keep existing slugs within circled area from feeding, but will keep new slugs out.

The third control option is baits. The most effective baits contain either metaldehyde or iron phosphate. Metaldehyde is very attractive to slugs, but is also poisonous to children and animals (especially dogs). Metaldehyde should also not be used around food crops as they can leave toxic residues on fruits and veggies. If you have dogs on your property, consider the iron phosphate option. This is sold as Sluggo and Escar-go (and others) and is considered non-toxic to pets. These products can be used to prevent slugs from entering a crop area (by encircling with the granules) or to lure slugs out of crop plants (by sprinkling within crops and between rows). Research out of Oregon State University showed that iron phosphate containing products were as effective as metaldehyde containing products.

For more information, see this CSU Extension factsheet: Slugs by W.S. Cranshaw.